Pass by reference c++ example
// Program to sort two numbers using call by reference.
// Smallest number is output first.
#include <iostream>
using namespace std;
// Function prototype for call by reference
void swap(float &x, float &y);
int main()
{
float a, b;
cout << "Enter 2 numbers: " << endl;
cin >> a >> b;
if(a>b)
swap(a,b); // This looks just like a call-by-value, but in fact
// it's a call by reference (because of the "&" in the
// function prototype
// Variable a contains value of smallest number
cout << "Sorted numbers: ";
cout << a << " " << b << endl;
return 0;
}
// A function definition for call by reference
// The variables x and y will have their values changed.
void swap(float &x, float &y)
// Swaps x and y data of calling function
{
float temp;
temp = x;
x = y;
y = temp;
}
OUTPUT:
Enter 2 numbers:
89
56
Sorted numbers: 56 89
Other way of writing the above code
// Program to sort two numbers using call by reference.
// Smallest number is output first.
#include <iostream>
using namespace std;
// Function prototype for call by reference using pointers
// see http://www-h.eng.cam.ac.uk/help/tpl/languages/C++/argsC++.html
// for further advice.
void swap(float &x, float &y);
void swap2(float *px, float *py);
void swap2b(float *px, float *py);
int main()
{
float a, b;
cout << "Enter 2 numbers: " << endl;
cin >> a >> b;
if(a>b)
swap2(&a,&b); // this call makes explicit that we pass pointers
// swap2b(&a,&b); // this call makes explicit that we pass pointers
// swap(a,b); // this looks just like a call-by-value.
// Variable a contains value of smallest number
cout << "Sorted numbers: ";
cout << a << " " << b << endl;
return 0;
}
// A function definition for call by reference
// The variables x and y will have their values changed.
void swap(float &x, float &y)
// Swaps x and y data of calling function
{
float temp;
temp = x;
x = y;
y = temp;
}
void swap2(float *px, float *py) // Here the arguments are pointers
// Swaps x and y data of calling function
{
float temp;
temp = *px; // to find the value associated with the pointer px, use *px
*px = *py;
*py = temp;
}
void swap2b(float *px, float *py)
// Swaps x and y data of calling function
{
float temp;
temp = px[0]; // A synonym for *px is px[0]
px[0] = py[0];
py[0] = temp;
}
OUTPUT:
Enter 2 numbers:
23
45
Sorted numbers: 23 45
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